NETHER ALDERLEY

Grid Ref: SJ 842 762.
27 May & 27 June, 21 Oct 2005 (interior) & 27 Feb 2015

View of St. Mary's with schoolhouse and Stanley mausoleum

St. Mary's Nether Alderley

The Schoolroom in early morning light, Feb 2015

Stanley Mausoleum built in 1909		Porch & Stanley Chapel
The Water Mill at Nether Alderley		Old mill wheel

Nether Alderley lies on the A34 and encompasses St. Mary's Church, the watermill and the old hall of the Stanley family, which was largely destroyed by fire in the 18th century. The building was probably late 16th century, partly brick and partly timber framed. One wing survived and was made into a new house.   The moat of the house joins the pool for the mill wheel. The mill, built in the 16th century, is owned by the National Trust. It is believed that originally it was a timber structure on a stone base.

Cheshire had only 12 parishes at Domesday but more were created as local landowners sought control over their own churches. The parishes of Wilmslow (1290) and Gawsworth and Alderley (1300) were created out of the massive parish of Prestbury. The Ardernes were then the prominent family of Alderley, with the Fittons at Gawsworth and the Masseys in Wilmslow. The Parish of St. Mary's included the townships of Over and Nether Alderley together with Warford. Chorley was a township in the parish of Wilmslow. The village of Alderley Edge (as opposed to Nether Alderley) became a parish in the 19th century but retained the name of Chorley until very recently.

The old school at the entrance to the churchyard has a plaque indicating that it was built by Hugh Shaw, Clerk in 1628, and endowed by Thomas Deane in 1694. There is an extension of 1817 at the back. The cross near the porch may have a Saxon base and the yew tree nearby has been dated to about 800 AD. 

The nave dates from about 1300 and probably replaced an earlier timber structure.  The tower is mid 16th century and similar in style to that at Mobberley. The chancel was rebuilt in 1855 by Cuffley and Starkey for Sir John Thomas Stanley.  The two storey Stanley pew is mainly Jacobean and was restored in 2000. It is accessible only from outside the church. Some of the decorations may have come from overseas as it is not typical of British design at the time. The church was restored by Paley and Austin in 1877-8.  In the late 19th century the former three decker pulpit was replaced by the one shown below and the box pews were replaced.  The plaster was removed from the walls to reveal the stone.  Some of the stone in the church may have come from what is known as Church Quarry on the Edge.

Many fonts in Cheshire were destroyed during the Reformation or during the Civil War but St. Mary's has a 14th century example.  It was buried to save it from destruction by the Puritans and forgotten until rediscovered in 1821 and reinstalled in 1924. The church has copies of the Vinegar Bible and the Breeches Bible.  The ministers are known as far back as Robert Bryan who served until 1328.

I am grateful to Jenny Youatt for opening the church for me to take the interior shots and for giving me a guided tour. Jenny has now informed me that the church has two websites. One covers the more administrative aspects and is called St. Mary's Church Alderley and the other is St. Mary Alderley Heritage.

The Nave and Chancel		The Stanley Pew from the Nave
East Window		View from the Stanley Pew
Symbol of St. Luke on end of pew		Inside the Stanley Pew
New Mothers' Union banner		The Rood Screen from the Stanley Pew
14th Century Font		The children of the 2nd Lord Stanley

The Stanley Family

A family tree of the antecedents of the Stanleys of Alderley is shown on my Aldford page.  An outline of the family is shown at the end of this article.

Sir John Thomas Stanley (1766-1850) 7th Baronet became the 1st Lord Stanley. He succeeded his father in 1807. In October 1796, he had married Maria Josepha Holroyd (1771-1863) the daughter of Lord Sheffield. Their eldest son was Edward John Stanley (1802-1869), 2nd Lord Stanley and 1st Baron Eddisbury of Winnington. In 1826 in Florence, he married Henrietta Maria, the daughter of Viscount Dillon. She was a champion of the rights of women and founded Girton College, Cambridge. The memorial to the left of the altar at St. Mary's depicts their children as shown in the photograph above. The eldest was Henry Edward John (1827-1903), shown in peer's robes, who succeeded as the 3rd Lord. The second son, John Constantine (1837-1873), became a colonel in the Grenadier Guards. The third son, Edward Lyulph (1839-1925) was a barrister and succeeded as the 4th Lord Stanley. The fourth son was Algernon Charles (1843-1928) who became a clergyman then converted to Roman Catholicism and became a bishop. Three children who died in infancy are shown in their mother's arms.  Four daughters survived to adulthood and are shown at the right hand side. They were Alice, who married into the Rivers family; Blanche; Maud, who was interested in women's education and was associated with Girton College, Cambridge; and Kate, who was the mother of Bertrand Russell. The dog in the picture features also as the foot-rest for the effigy of Lord Stanley on top of the tomb.

Henry, the eldest son became interested in the East from an early age and asked for a Arabic grammar as a birthday present when a boy. He converted to Islam and in 1862 he married Fabia, daughter of Santiago Frederica San Roman of Seville, charmingly described by Peter Stanley in The House of Stanley from the 12th Century as a man of uncertain antecedents. It later transpired that she was married already. Henry delayed telling his family of the marriage for seven years and announced it after the funeral of his father.  As Henry was a Muslim he closed down the public houses on the estate which included the Wizard on the road running on top of The Edge, the Eagle and Child on what is now the A34, and The Iron Gates at Monks Heath.  When Henry died he was buried in unconsecrated ground in the woods.  As he had no issue, and his next brother had died in 1873, the title passed to the third brother, Edward Lyulph, who was an atheist.  It was he who gave additional land to the church for the graveyard and built the mausoleum on unconsecrated ground. 

Edward Lyulph Stanley succeeded as 4th Baron in 1903.  In 1909, through his grandmother, Maria Josepha, he gained the title of Baron Sheffield. He was a Fellow of Balliol College from 1862-1869, a Member of the Inner Temple and a Member of Parliament for Oldham from 1880 to 1885. He married Mary Katherine, the daughter of Sir Lowthian Bell of Washington in County Durham. When Edward Lyulph and his wife died they were cremated and their ashes placed in the mausoleum.  There are no other occupants.  Their eldest son, Arthur Lyulph (1895-1931) succeeded as the 5th Baron. He was a Captain in the Cheshire Yeomanry during the Boer War, High Sheriff of Anglesey in 1913 and the MP for Eddisbury from 1906-10. He was the Parliamentary Secretary of the Postmaster General from 1906-10 and Governor of Victoria from 1914-1919. In 1905, Edward married Margaret Evelyn Gordon. He died in 1931 only six years after his father and is buried in front of the mausoleum. This resulted in two sets of death duties very close together. Edward's son, Edward John (1907-1971), succeeded as the 6th Baron.

In 1938, the 6th Baron sold the Alderley Park estate of 4,624 acres for half a million pounds to Mr. Crundall of London. The estate comprised 77 farms and had been in the family for 500 years. It was broken into lots and an auction was held in the summer of 1938. This was not a promising time for people to make as investment because of the tension in Europe.  The tenant farmers attended the auction room in Macclesfield but few made bids. Many lots went unsold and remained in the hands of the agent for some time. For a colourful account of the 6th Baron's activities, his four marriages and three divorces, consult The House of Stanley from the 12th Century. At the outbreak of the Second World War, the 6th Baron volunteered for all three services - to the Royal Navy as Lord Stanley, to the Army as Lord Sheffield and to the RAF as Lord Eddisbury. The 6th Baron died in March 1971 without male issue. The titles went to his younger brother, Lyulph Henry Stanley, 7th Baron, who died only three months later. As a result, the the titles went to a cousin of the 6th and 7th Barons. He was Thomas Henry Oliver Stanley a grandson of the 4th Baron through his third son, Lieutenant Colonel Oliver Hugh Stanley.

In 1956, one of the largest lots of the Stanley estate, still unsold by the agent, was purchased by Imperial Chemical Industries for the research laboratories and commercial headquarters of what was to become ICI Pharmaceuticals Division and is now AstraZeneca.  It is ironic that the Stanley family motto was "Sans changer".

Link to books about the Stanley family.

The Family Tree of Stanley of Alderley

It is difficult to do justice to the Stanleys in a short space as a substantial volume on them has been published. Below I give in brief the descent from the end of 14 th century to show how some of the main branches are related. Before the reign of James I (1603-25) all those with the title of Sir are knights. Thereafter, I indicate whether knights or baronets.  Prior to 1752 the New Year began on 25 March, Lady Day.  Dates between 1 January and 24 March are given in the format 23 Feb 1732/3 to indicate that it was 1732 on the Julian Calendar but 1733 on the Gregorian Calendar which had been in operation in most of Europe since the end of the 16th century.

• 1. Sir William de Stanley of Stourton in Wirral, Cheshire, died 1398.
• + Alice dau of Hugh Massey of Timperley, sister of Sir Hamo Massey of Dunham, Cheshire. In addition to their heir William this couple had a sons John and Henry and a daughter Matilda.
  • 2. Sir William Stanley of Stourton and Hooton, Cheshire by right of his wife. He was 30 or more at the time of his father's death and died himself in Feb 1428.
  • + Margaret, dau and heiress of William de Hooton of Hooton in Cheshire, married about 1404. From this couple come the Stanleys of Hooton.
    • 2. Sir John Stanley KG, second son. In 1385 he was Lord Deputy of Ireland and in 1406 had a grant of the Isle of Man from Henry IV. Created KG in 1413 and died in Ardee, Ireland on 6 Jan 1413/4.
    • + Isabel dau and coheiress of Sir Thomas Lathom of Lathom and Knowsley, Lancashire. She died in 1414. This couple had in addition to their heir Sir John, a son Henry, and a third son Thomas Stanley of Elford in Staffordshire and Aldford in Cheshire. He married Matilda, dau and heiress of Sir John de Arderne of Elford, Staffordshire and they became the ancestors of the Stanleys of Elford, Echells and Nether Alderley. However, this branch sold their estates at Aldford and Nether Alderley to another branch of the family, Sir William Stanley of Holt who lost the lands when executed for treason.
      • 3. Sir John Stanley of Latham and Knowsley, eldest son, aged 28 in 1414, Justice of Chester in 1426/7 and Sheriff of Anglesey.
      • + Isabel (or Elizabeth) dau of Robert (or John) de Harrington of Hornby in Lancashire. This couple had in addition to their heir Sir Thomas: Richard who was Archdeacon of Chester from 1426 to 1432; Edward, Archdeacon of Chester from 1453 to 1461; Isabella who married John Warren of Poynton, marriage articles of 10 March 1422; Alice who married Sir Thomas Dutton of Chester.
      • 4. Sir Thomas Stanley of Lathom and Knowsley, KG, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in 1432, created knight of the garter in 1456 and Baron Stanley about 1456. He died in Lent of 1459.
      • + Joan, dau and coheiress of Sir Robert Goushill of Heveringham, Nottinghamshire. In addition to the three sons mentioned below, this couple had Catherine, who married Sir John Savage of Macclesfield; Elizabeth who married Sir Richard Molyneux of Sefton in Lancashire and Margaret who married first Sir William Troutbeck, second Sir John Boteler of Warrington and third Lord Grey of Codnor.
        • 5. Sir Thomas Stanley of Lathom and Knowsley, 2nd Baron Stanley, aged 26 in 1459, created Earl of Derby 27 October 1485 and died 1504
        • + 1 st wife, Eleanor dau of Richard Nevil, Earl of Salisbury. From this couple descend the Earls of Derby, the Lords of Monteagle, the Stanleys of Bickerstaffe and Cross Hall.
        • 5. Sir William Stanley, of Holt Castle Denbigh, knighted, about 1465, beheaded 1495 as part of Perkin Warbeck plot.
        • +Joyce daughter of Edward Charlton, Lord Powys and from this couple the Stanleys of Holt.
        • 5. John Stanley of Weever and Alderley in right of his wife, died before 1485.
        • + Elizabeth, dau and heiress of Thomas Weever of Alderley. She was born before 1446 and remarried before 1485 to Sir John Done of Utkinton by whom she had issue. John Stanley and Elizabeth had the two sons shown below and also George, known only from his mother's will; Cecily who married Thomas Venables of Kinderton; Margery who married Sir Will. Torbok; Anne who married Ralph Ravenscroft fo Brotten and Jane who married Thomas Hawarden.
          • 6. John Stanley, died without issue.
          • 6. Thomas Stanley of Weever and Alderley, died 10 April 1526.
          • + Douce dau of Thomas Liversage of Wheelock in Cheshire, in 1505. She died before 1520. Thomas had a second wife Elizabeth Glegg but all the children are from the first wife. In addition to the heir, Thomas, there were Ralph, John, Richard and William.
            • 7. Thomas Stanley of Weever and Alderley, born 6 November 1506 and died 20 Dec 1557.
            • + Joan dau of Thomas Davenport of Henbury in or before 1520. In addition to their heir Thomas this couple had John Stanley who lived in London and died in June 1597; Randle who married Alice, dau of Francis Holland of Lancashire; Anne; Catherine, who married William Bostock and Elizabeth.
              • 8. Thomas Stanley of Weever and Alderley, born about 1532 and rebuilt the halls of Weever and Alderley. He was High Sheriff of Cheshire in 1572, died 1 Aug 1591.
              • + Ursula, dau of Richard and sister of Sir Hugh Cholmondeley, of Cholmondeley, married about 1558/9 and living 1580. In addition to the two sons mentioned below this couple had Dorothy, unmarried in 1594; Elizabeth who married Roger Downes of Shrigley and Worth about 1570 and Frances who married Henry Delves of Doddington in Cheshire.
                • 9. Thomas Stanley, heir apparent, died young.
                • 9. Randle Stanley of Weever and Alderley, born about 1562, Captain of the Isle of Man in 1594, died there 17 June 1595 and buried at Malew.+ Margaret, dau and heiress of John Maisterson of Nantwich, married about 1575 and died Alderley, 16 June 1625. In addition to their heir, Thomas, this couple had a son Randle, who died without issue; Richard; Mary, who married Henry Legh son of Sir Rich. Legh and Margaret, who was unmarried in 1595.
                  • 10. Sir Thomas Stanley, of Weeveer and Alderley, born 5 Jan 1576/7, knighted at Worksop on 21 April 1603 by James I, die 21 Nov 1605 aged 28.
                  • + Elizabeth, dau and co-heiress of Sir Peter Warburton of Grafton in Cheshire, knight, Chief Justice of Common Pleas, married Holford, Cheshre, 13 Sept 1596. She subsequently married Sir Rich Grosvenor of Eaton, knight and baronet. She died 10 March 1627/8 and was buried at Eccleston. This couple had in addition to their heir, Thomas, a son Francis who died in infancy in 1600/1 and three daughters: Mary born Alderley 20 May 1598 who married John Done heir of Sir John Done of Utkinton, knight; Margaret, born at Dranfield Woodhouse in Derbyshire 18 Feb 1599/1600 who married Thos: Ireland of Bewsey in Lancashire; Alice Stanley died unmarried.
                    • 11. Sir Thomas Stanley of Weever and Alderley, baronet, born Alderley 31 May 1597, High Sheriff of Cheshire, 1634, baronet 25 June 1660, buried Alderley 31 Aug 1672 aged 74.
                    • + Elizabeth dau of Sir James Pytts of Kyre in Worcestershire, knight on 17 Jan 1621/2. This couple had four sons and six daughters. In addition to the two eldest sons there was Thomas, bapt Alderley 7 May 1633 who married Penelope dau of John Bradshaw of Congleton and had issue and James, bapt at Alderley on 10 June 1634 who became vicar of Mobberley from 1660 to 1674 and of Alderley 1670-74 he married but died without surviving issue. The daughters were: Elizabeth, died in infancy in 1623; Jane, bapt Alderley 1630 but never married; Frances, baptised Alderley 1637, died unmarried; Mary, bapt Alderley 1647 who married Peter Wilbraham of Dorfold; Elizabeth, bapt at Alderley 5 July 1636 married on 14 Aug 1652 to John Legh of Boothes and before 1663 to Robert Venables son of Peter Venables, Baron of Kinderton; Margaret, bapt at Alderley 2 November 1645, married there on 14 Aug 1666 to Thos: Swettenham of Birtles and Swettenham and had issue.
                      • 12. Thomas Stanley, born Eaton 18 May 1624 and buried Alderley 2 Jan 1629/30. A further son was named Thomas in 1633 as shown above.
                      • 12. Sir Peter Stanley of Weever and Alderley born Alderley 29 May 1626, High Sheriff of Cheshire 1678, died 1683
                      • + Elizabeth dau of Sir John Leigh of Northcote, Isle of Wight, knight, married about 1651. In addition to their heir Thomas this couple had: Charles, bapt Alderley 25 Apr 1665, married but no issue and seven daughters: Elizabeth, bapt Alderley 22 Apr 1651; Frances, (1653-1656); Penelope, bapt Alderley 2 Sept 1658 and married John Perrot; another Frances, bapt Alderley 22 Oct 1663, married John Swettenham of Swettenham and then Sir Thomas Fotherby; Diana, bapt Alderley 29 June 1666 and died unmarried; Ann buried at Alderley in 1671 and Mary, bapt Alderley 8 July 1662, married there 2 Dec 1682 to Sir George Ingoldsby of Lettenborough, Bucks, baronet.
• 13. Sir Thomas Stanley of Alderley, 3rd Baronet, born Alderley 25 March 1652 and bapt there 15 April. Sold manor of Wever about 1710, died West Wickham in Kent 1721.
• + Christiana, dau and heiress of Sir Stephen Leonard of West Wickham in Kent, Baronet, buried Alderley 16 Feb 1711/2. They had two sons and two daughters, Mary and Christiana, both of whom died unmarried.
  • 14. Sir James Stanley, of Alderley, 4th Baronet, buried Alderley, on 17 March 1746/7, married but had no issue.
  • 14. Sir Edward Stanley of Alderley, 5th Baronet, buried Alderley 5 Sept 1755.
  • + Mary, dau and heiress of Thomas Ward of London, survived her husband, died at Bath in 1771.
    • 15. James Stanley, died aged 8 in 1742.
    • 15. Sir John Thomas Stanley of Alderley, 6th Baronet, born 26 Mar 1735, died London 29 Nov 1807 buried South Audley Chapel.
    • + Margaret, dau and heiress of Hugh Owen of Penrhos in Anglesey, on 20 April 1763, died 1 Feb 1816. This couple had in addition to their heir John Thomas, a son the Rev: Edward Stanley D.D, born London 1 Jan 1779, of St. John's College, Cambridge, rector of Alderley 1805-37, Bishop of Norwich 1837-1849, died 6 Sep 1849 aged 70 who married Catherine, dau of Rev: Oswald Leycester of Toft and had three sons and two daugters. There were five daughters: Mary and Margaret died in infancy, Isabella Elizabeth married Charles Gibson of Quernmore Park in Lancashire 19 Oct 1812; Louisa Margaret Ann born Lyons 1768 married 25 Nov 1802 to General Sir George Baldwin Leighton, Baronet; and Emma married in 1810 to Thomas Digby Carpenter.
      • 16. Sir John Thomas Stanley of Aldlerley, 7th Baronet, FRS & FSA, born 26 Nov 1766, created Baron Stanley of Alderley 9 May 1839, died 23 Oct 1850, monument south side of chancel at St. Mary's, Nether Alderley.
      • + Lady Maria Josepha Holdroyd, eldest dau of 1st Earl of Sheffield, on 11 Oct 1796 at Fletching in Sussex. She died 1 Nov 1863 aged 92.
        • 17. Edward John Stanley, 2 nd Baron, born Alderley 13 Nov 1802, MP for North Cheshire, 1832-41, created Baron Eddisbury of Winnington in Cheshire 12 May 1848, President of Board of Trade, 1855-58, Postmaster-General 1860-66, died 16 June 1869, buried at Alderley where his monument is at the north side of the chancel.
        • + Hon. Henrietta Maria eldest dau of Henry Augustus, 13th Viscount Dillon, married Florence, 6 Oct 1826.
          • 18. Henry Edward John Stanley, 3rd Baron Stanley and 2nd Baron Eddisbury, born 11 Jul 1827. Died without issue.
          • + Fabia, dau of Don Santiago Frederico San Roman of Seville, in Aug 1862.
          • 18. John Constantine Stanley, born 30 Sept 1837, Lieut.-Col. Grenadier Guards, died 23 April 1878, buried Alderley.
          • + Susan Mary Elizabeth dau of Keith William Steward-Mackenzie of Seaforth, Ross. They had two daughters.
          • 18. Edward Lyulph Stanley, born 16 May 1839, fellow of Balliol, Oxford, Barrister at Law.
            + Mary Katherine dau of Isaac Lowthian Bell.
          • 18. Algernon Charles Stanley, born 16 Sept 1843, of Trinity College Cambridge, incumbent of Holy Cross St. Pancras and St. Mary's Soho.
          • 18. Alice Margaret Stanley, married 3 Feb 1853 to Col. Augustus Henry Lane-Fox of Grenadier Guards and had issue.
          • 18. Henrietta Blanche Stanley, married 23 Sept 1851 to Sir David, 7th Earl Airlie, knight and had issue.
          • 18. Cecilia died in infancy 22 Sept 1839
          • 18. Maud Alethea Stanley18. Margaret Olga Stanley, died in infancy 27 Jan 1836
          • 18. Katherine Louisa Stanley, married at Alderley, 8 Nov 1864, John Viscount Amberley, eldest son of Earl Russell and had issue She died 28 Jun 1874.
          • 18. Rosalind Frances Stanley, married Alderley 4 Oct 1864 to George James Howard, nephew of Earl of Carlisle and had issue. I found her tomb at Lancercost Priory near Carlisle where the epitaph reads: George James Howard, 9th Earl of Carlisle, 1943 to 1911, and his wife Rosalind Frances, daughter of the 2nd Baron Stanley of Alderley, 1845 to 1921.
          • 18. Mary Elthelfreeda Stanley, born 25 July and died 15 Aug 1849.
        • 17. William Owen Stanley of Penrhos, Anglesey, born Alderley 13 Nov 1802, twin of Edward John above. Lord Lieutenant of Anglesey, MP for Beaumaris, married Ellen, dau of Sir John Williams of Bodelwyddan in Flintshire but no issue. Died in 1884.
        • 17. Alfred Stanley, born 15 Feb 1808 at Alderley but died young.
        • 17. Maria Margaret Stanley, baptised St. Andrew's Chapel, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 18 Aug 1797. Died unmarried in 1882.
        • 17. Lucy Anne Stanley, bapt Alderley 25 Jul 1798, married 24 Sept 1833 to Marcus Theodore Hare, Esq. RN and had issue. Died in 1869.
        • 17. Lousia Dorothea Stanley, bapt Alderley 7 Dec 1799, died 3 Jun 1877
        • 17. Isabella Louisa Stanley, married Alderley, 23 Oct 1826 to Sir Will. Edw. Parry, knight, RN the Arctic explorer and had issue. Died in 1839.
        • 17. Harriet Alethea Stanley, bapt Alderley 20 Nov 1804, married there 20 Oct 1835, to Lieut. Gen. Will. Henry Scott and had issue. Died 1888. See photo below.
        • 17. Matilda Abigail Stanley, married 6 Oct 1828 to Henry John Adeane of Babraham, Cambridgeshire and had issue. Died in 1850
        • 17. Emmeline Stanley, bapt Witton, 8 Nov 1810 and married Albert Way of Warham Manor, Surrey. Died in 1906
        • 17. Elfrida Susanna Stanley (1813-17). Drowned

I am grateful to Claude Certano for sending me a picture of a gravestone he found in Menton in France.

		"In loving memory of Adeliza Jane Scott, daughter of General W. H. Scott, Scots Fusilier Guards of Thorpe House, Chertsey and Harriot Alethea daughter of the 1st Lord Stanley of Alderley, died at Villa Scott July 5 1935 aged 92 years.

Adeliza must have been born about 1844. Her parents, General Scott and Harriet Stanley, were married in 1835.

Sources

The Buildings of England: Cheshire, by Nikolaus Pevsner and Edward Hubbard, first edition 1971, Yale University Press edition in 2003.
Notes from Gentry Estates and the Cheshire Landscape, a series of lectures at Wilmslow Guild by Clare Pye, Winter 2004/5.
Notes from The English Country Estate, a series of lectures at Wilmslow Guild, by Matthew Hyde, Winter 1998.
The House of Stanley from the 12th century, by Peter Edmund Stanley, Pentland Press, 1998, ISBN 1 85821578 1
The Parish Church of St. Mary, Alderley, a brief history and guide, a booklet available at the church with photographs by Barry Smith.
East Cheshire Past and Present by J.P. Earwaker, London, 1877 (CRO, Knutsford)  This is widely regarded as the best work on East Cheshire of the 19th century. It is useful for family trees of landed families. Now available from the Family History Society of Cheshire on CD ROM .

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